The study aimed to investigate the present situation of Cotton cultivation in Yemen, in terms of area, production and productivity during the period (1990 - 2010 AD), with the Tehama region as a case study during the 2000 – 2001 farming season. The field survey conducted included 60 randomly selected farmers from Tehama cotton-growing areas (Moore Valley-Northern Tehama; Seham Valley-Central Tehama; and Zabid/Rmaa Valley- South Tehama). Results identified fluctuation of both cotton area and production during the study period with the year 2003 recorded highest area (28287 and 14838 ha), and production (290 911 and 17315 ton) for both the country and Tehama province levels respectively. The highest productivity average was achieved during the year 2009 (1.3 ton/ha). While at level of Tehama study sample, the average yield in 2000/2001 was 1642 kg/ha. The average cost of cotton production stood at 56070 YR/ha, while the net return per hectare was estimated at 42240 YR/ha. The study concluded with some recommendations to those concerned with Cotton crop improvement such as research and extension and decision makers.
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