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The Insect’s Fauna as Bio-Indicators for Effect of Pesticides on some Areas of Central Highlands

A.Muharam M.Al-Saa’di R.Al-Basha A.Al-kershi M.Amran M.Daws
Summary

Study was executed during 2007, 2008 and 2010 summer seasons in some areas of central Highlands on insect’s fauna on tomato and alfalfa crops. Objective of study is for knowing insects fauna effected by randomly and increasing of chemical pesticides utilization, where insect fauna effectiveness, kinds and numbers as bio-indicators for using pesticides in that wrong ways, whiten natural Agro-ecological systems. Observing is considered as a bio-natural tool to give an early alarm for intervention means to re-balance ecological system good natural situation. Particularly alfalfa and tomato crops will be studied as parts of this system, which are infected by deferent pests, specially bugs and aphids, hence they can be used as a bio-diversity indicator on Agro eco-logical system. By reduced numbers, negative effecting of both bugs and aphids that be resulted by increasing and randomly utilization of pesticides in system. To alleviate negative causes and keep eco-logical in best natural balance it must be to find bio-indicators which point to starting negative effects that appear by wrong used of pesticides. Analyzed data depend on converting ordinary collected numbers into values of log (x+1) for seeing differentiations separate from ordinary numbers averages. That means normal results were being showed to find diversity bio-indicators in form (x2) at the levels of field and regions. Results showed that low diversity bio-indicators in some areas and high in others, where was 37.5% of tomato fields (2007) gave high bio-indicator, was between (1.3 – 0.7) while other fields were giving low indicator (0.2 – 0.6). When bio-indicators alfalfa crop during summer seasons (2008, 2010) were ranging low bio-indicators between (0.1 – 0.2) and (0.1 – 0.5) respectively. That results point to more increases and high randomly utilization of chemical ......

Key Words :Agro-ecological System, Bio-indicator, Crop, Effect, Insect’s Fauna Pesticides

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