This study was performed with the objective to better understand the changes in traditional food habits, practices and consumption modes operating in some rural areas of Yemen located in mountainous highlands which are relying on rain-fed agriculture (Al-Arafah, Masyab and Ribat Al-Qalaah regions). It was part of an integrated research project conducted on “traditional food systems and their contribution to health and environment” by a multi-disciplinary team of researchers under the YGRC, Yemeni Genetic Resources Centre from Sanaa University, and funded by IDRC, the International Development and Research Centre. Results of the research highlighted that more than half of the surveyed farmers in the 3 regions consume more wheat and white flour than in the past with variations between concerned communities. This increasing consumption has been done to the detriment of sorghum, barley and maize parts according to the different regions. Rice and pasta are also more consumed than in the past as said by most of the farmers even though they admit that both were not available in markets at those times, and that pasta is still more an occasional meal today. In the same way, more than half of the interviewed farmers mentioned that fresh and canned fruits and vegetables are more consumed than in the past. Use of animal fats has decreased for the benefit of vegetal oils and red meat is less consumed than in the past unlike chicken, eggs and fish which get more importance. Results also showed an increased consumption of sugar as well as tea and coffee beverages.

Key Words :Consumption – Food – Habits- Traditional.